R&D Pathfinders for three Technology Areas (TAs) for energy-saving

TA#1: energy savings from the RF power

The objective is to significantly reduce the RF power sources and wall plug power for all SRF accelerators with ferro-electric fast reactive tuners (FE-FRTs) for control of transient beam loading and detuning by microphonics, and with optimal low level radio frequency (LLRF) and detuning control with legacy piezo based systems. iSAS will demonstrate operation of a superconducting cavity with FE-FRTs coherently integrated with AI-smart digital control systems to achieve low RF-power requirements.

WP.1__: optimal integration of Ferro-Electric Fast Reactive Tuners (FE-FRT) to deal with microphonics (400, 800 and 1300 MHz)

WP.2__: low-level RF controls (LLRF controls incl. AI)

TA#2: energy savings from the cryogenics

The objective is focused on the development of thin-film cavities and aims to transform conventional superconducting radio-frequency technology based on off-shelf bulk niobium operating at 2 K, into a technology operating at 4.2 K using a highly functionalized material, where individual functions are addressed by different layers. iSAS will optimize the coating recipe for Nb3Sn on copper to optimize tunability and flux trapping of thin-film superconducting cavities and to validate a prototype beyond the achievements of the ongoing Horizon Europe I.FAST project.

WP.3: high-temperature SRF cavities above 4.2 K_ _(__thin Nb3Sn films on Cu)

TA#3: energy savings from the beam

The objective is to reduce the total power deposited into the cryogenics circuits of the cryomodule of the Higher-Order Mode (HOM) couplers and fundamental power couplers (FPCs) leading to a significant reduction of the heat loads and the overall power consumption. iSAS will improve the energy efficiency of the FPCs and HOM couplers by designing and building prototypes that will be integrated into a LINAC cryomodule capable of energy-recovery operations and to be tested in accelerator-like conditions.

WP.4__: Higher-Order Mode damping and fundamental power couplers

Integrate the iSAS technologies into accelerating systems with three Integration Activities (INTs)

INT#1: integrate into the design of a sustainable LINAC cryomodule

WP.5__: based on the ESS cryomodules, develop a parametric design for an optimally sustainable LINAC cryomodule, ready to be adapted and built for various future applications in industry and in accelerator RIs

INT#2: integrate into existing LINAC cryomodules at RIs

WP.6__: engineering aspects to integrate and test energy-saving iSAS technologies in a cryomodule, and verify the options to retrofit existing SRF systems at RIs, with a focus on ESS, HL-LHC, EuXFEL

INT#3: integrate towards turn-key solutions and applications in industry

WP.7__: prepare the co-developments with industrial partners such that when the new technologies and the new designed LINAC cryomodule are developed and validated, their Technology Readiness Level is sufficient such that industry can consider building them

Through cross-coordination iSAS will pave the way to expedite the integration of energy-saving solutions.

The methodology to achieve the iSAS objectives is based on a profoundly cross-disciplinary fertilization between different disciplines, from RF engineering to material science, electronics, mechanical engineering, and cryogenics, with co-developments between leading research and industrial institutions.